NEOMED Library: Journal Club Presentation Resources (Statistics Help): Types of Research Studies

Guides to Analyzing Specific Types of Research Articles

Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS)
See page 3. Developed by: Downes MJ, Brennan ML, Williams HC, Dean RS. Development of a critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of cross-sectional studies (AXIS). BMJ Open. 2016;6(12):e011458. Published 2016 Dec 8. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011458 Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5168618/
Critical Appraisal Sheets
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Oxford
Evidence-Based Medicine: Teaching Materials
Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries
Evidence-Based Practice: Appraise - Worksheets
Duke University Medical Center Library and Archives
Sketchy EBM
Animations about EBM topics
What is Critical Appraisal?
Bandolier
What is...? series
Analyzing the Validity of Case Reports
See table 1.
Murad MH, Sultan S, Haffar S, et al. Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 2018;23:60-63.
Critical Appraisal Tools (Validity) - Joanna Briggs Institute
This site has worksheets to determine validity of articles such as case series, case control studies, case reports, etc.

General Study Design Resources

Are These Results Trustworthy? A Guide for Reading the Medical Literature
Alahdab F, Morrow A, Alsawas M, Murad MH. Are these results trustworthy? A guide for reading the medical literature. Avicenna J Med. 2017;7(2):46-50.
Clinical Trials
Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, NIH
Literature Reviews: Types of Clinical Study Designs
Georgia State University Library
Librarian: Sharon Leslie
Literature Reviews: Types of Clinical Study Designs
Georgia State University
University Library
The One Chart You Need to Understand Any Health Study
Vox.com Updated by Julia Belluz and Steven Hoffman
Outcomes Research: Myths and Realities
Krumholz HM. Outcomes research: myths and realities. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes. 2009; 2: 1-3
- This editorial defines outcomes research.
Study Design I
Levin KA. Study design I. Evid Based Dent. 2005;6(3):78-9.
Study Design II. Issues of Chance, Bias, Confounding and Contamination
Levin KA. Study design II. Issues of chance, bias, confounding and contamination. Evid Based Dent. 2005;6(4):102-3.
Types of Clinical Study Designs
Georgia State University Library
Types of Studies
SUNY Downstate EBM Tutorial from the clickable transparency Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries website
Types of Study in Medical Research: Part 3 of a Series on Evaluation of Scientific Publications
Röhrig B, du Prel J-B, Wachtlin D, Blettner M. Types of study in medical research: part 3 of a series on evaluation of scientific publications. Deutsches Arzteblatt International. 2009;106(15):262-268. Available via PubMed Central
Understanding Research Study Designs
University of Minnesota Health Sciences Libraries Bio-Medical Library
Librarian: Jonathan Koffel
Study Designs - Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Oxford

Article Abstracts

How to Spot Research Spin: The Case of the Not-So-Simple Abstract
by Hilda Bastian
Absolutely Maybe: Evidence and Uncertainties about Medicine and Life
PLOS blog

Types of Studies / Advantages & Disadvantages

A Background to Clinical Trials video
European Communication on Research Awareness Needs ECRAN project
Comparison of Clinical Trial Phases
Research Coordinator Orientation, University of Pittsburgh, 2002
Lessons From and Cautions About Noninferiority and Equivalence Randomized Trials
Gøtzsche PC. Lessons from and cautions about noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials. JAMA. 2006;295(10):1172-4.
The n-of-1 Clinical Trial: the Ultimate Strategy for Individualizing Medicine?
Lillie EO, Patay B, Diamant J, Issell B, Topol EJ, Schork NJ. The n-of-1 clinical trial: the ultimate strategy for individualizing medicine? Personalized medicine. 2011;8(2):161-173.
N-of-1 Randomized Controlled Trials: Interview With Dr Gordon Guyatt
JAMAevidence: Using Evidence to Improve Care podcast by Gordon Guyatt, M.D. &
Dr Joan Stephenson. podcast
Noninferiority Trials
Snapinn SM. Noninferiority trials. Curr Control Trials Cardiovasc Med. 2000;1(1):19-21.
Observational Studies Lecture
EBM Teacher - Terry Shaneyfelt
Observational Study
PubMed Health
Statistical Primer for Cardiovascular Research: Design of Randomized Controlled Trials
Stanley K. Design of randomized controlled trials. Circulation. 2007;115(9):1164-9.
Study Design III: Cross-sectional Studies
Levin KA. Study design III: Cross-sectional studies. Evid Based Dent. 2006;7(1):24-5.
Study Design IV: Cohort Studies
Levin KA. Study design IV. Cohort studies. Evid Based Dent. 2006;7(2):51-2.
Study Design V. Case–control Studies
Levin KA. Study design V. Case-control studies. Evid Based Dent. 2006;7(3):83-4.
Superiority Trials, Non-inferiority Trials, and Prisoners of the 2-sided Null Hypothesis
Sackett DL. Superiority trials, noninferiority trials, and prisoners of the 2-sided null hypothesis. Evid Based Med 2004;9:38-39.
Understanding Controlled Trials: Why are Randomised controlled Trials Important?
Sibbald B, Roland M. Understanding controlled trials. Why are randomised controlled trials important?. BMJ. 1998;316(7126):201.
Understanding Equivalence Trials (and Why We Should Care)
Lee JS. Understanding equivalence trials (and why we should care). CJEM 2001;2(3):194-196.
The Very Large Randomized Clinical Trials (Strengths and Limitations)
ImprovingMedicalStatistics.com
What is an “n-of-1” Trial?
Sedgwick P. What is an “n-of-1” trial? BMJ 2014;348:g2674.
What is a Randomized Controlled Trial in Medical Research?
What is a randomized controlled trial in medical research? Medical News Today. 2014 Sep.
Cluster Randomized Trials
NIH Collaboratory Living Textbook of Pragmatic Clinical Trials
Appraising the Literature: Overview of Study Designs
Barbara M. Sullivan, PhD, Department of Research, NUHS & Jerrilyn A. Cambron, PhD, DC Department of Researach, NUHS

POEM or DOE?

Is the article or guideline a DOE or a POEM?

POEM (Patient Oriented Evidence that Matters)

Quality of Life
Mortality
Pain
Mobility
Recovery Time
Length of hospital stay
Cost
Pain scale

DOE (Disease Oriented Evidence)

Cardiac biomarkers
Blood pressure reading
LDL, HDL
Blood sugar
Bone density
BMI
Other laboratory Tests

Slawson DC, Shaughnessy AF, Ebell MH, Barry HC. Mastering medical information and the role of POEMs--Patient-Oriented Evidence that Matters. J Fam Pract. 1997;45(3):195-6.

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Journal Club Presentation Resources (Statistics Help): Types of Research Studies

Guides to Analyzing Specific Types of Research Articles

General Study Design Resources

Article Abstracts

Types of Studies / Advantages & Disadvantages

POEM or DOE?