Types of Research Studies - NEON Research Portal - NEOMED Department of Family & Community Medicine - NEOMED Library at Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED)

Guides to Analyzing Specific Types of Research Articles

Critical Appraisal Tools (Validity) - JBI
This site has worksheets to determine validity of articles such as case series, case control studies, case reports, etc.
FRISBEE: Does the study fly in the face of evidence-based medicine? article
Xiong GL, Adams J. FRISBEE: Does the study fly in the face of evidence-based medicine? Current Psychiatry. 2007 Dec; 6(12).
Critical Appraisal Sheets
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Oxford
Evidence-Based Medicine: Teaching Materials
Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries
Evidence-Based Practice: Appraise - Worksheets
Duke University Medical Center Library and Archives
Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS)
See page 3. Developed by: Downes MJ, Brennan ML, Williams HC, Dean RS. Development of a critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of cross-sectional studies (AXIS). BMJ Open. 2016;6(12):e011458. Published 2016 Dec 8. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011458 Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5168618/
Analyzing the Validity of Case Reports
See table 1.
Murad MH, Sultan S, Haffar S, et al. Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 2018;23:60-63.
MUSM Libraries: Evaluating a THERAPY article

General Study Design Resources

Are These Results Trustworthy? A Guide for Reading the Medical Literature
Alahdab F, Morrow A, Alsawas M, Murad MH. Are these results trustworthy? A guide for reading the medical literature. Avicenna J Med. 2017;7(2):46-50.
Literature Reviews: Types of Clinical Study Designs
Georgia State University Library
Librarian: Sharon Leslie
The One Chart You Need to Understand Any Health Study
Vox.com Updated by Julia Belluz and Steven Hoffman
Outcomes Research: Myths and Realities
Krumholz HM. Outcomes research: myths and realities. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes. 2009; 2: 1-3
- This editorial defines outcomes research.
Study Design I
Levin KA. Study design I. Evid Based Dent. 2005;6(3):78-9.
Study Design II. Issues of Chance, Bias, Confounding and Contamination
Levin KA. Study design II. Issues of chance, bias, confounding and contamination. Evid Based Dent. 2005;6(4):102-3.
Types of Study in Medical Research: Part 3 of a Series on Evaluation of Scientific Publications
Röhrig B, du Prel J-B, Wachtlin D, Blettner M. Types of study in medical research: part 3 of a series on evaluation of scientific publications. Deutsches Arzteblatt International. 2009;106(15):262-268. Available via PubMed Central
Study Designs - Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Oxford
Observational research methods. Research design II: cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies
Mann CJ. Observational research methods. Research design II: cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies. Emerg Med J. 2003 Jan;20(1):54-60. doi: 10.1136/emj.20.1.54. PMID: 12533370; PMCID: PMC1726024.
Appraising the Literature: Overview of Study Designs
Barbara M. Sullivan, PhD, Department of Research, NUHS & Jerrilyn A. Cambron, PhD, DC Department of Researach, NUHS

Article Abstracts

How to Spot Research Spin: The Case of the Not-So-Simple Abstract
by Hilda Bastian
Absolutely Maybe: Evidence and Uncertainties about Medicine and Life
PLOS blog

Types of Studies / Advantages & Disadvantages

A Background to Clinical Trials video
European Communication on Research Awareness Needs ECRAN project
Lessons From and Cautions About Noninferiority and Equivalence Randomized Trials
Gøtzsche PC. Lessons from and cautions about noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials. JAMA. 2006;295(10):1172-4.
The n-of-1 Clinical Trial: the Ultimate Strategy for Individualizing Medicine?
Lillie EO, Patay B, Diamant J, Issell B, Topol EJ, Schork NJ. The n-of-1 clinical trial: the ultimate strategy for individualizing medicine? Personalized medicine. 2011;8(2):161-173.
Noninferiority Trials
Snapinn SM. Noninferiority trials. Curr Control Trials Cardiovasc Med. 2000;1(1):19-21.
Observational Studies Lecture
EBM Teacher - Terry Shaneyfelt
Statistical Primer for Cardiovascular Research: Design of Randomized Controlled Trials
Stanley K. Design of randomized controlled trials. Circulation. 2007;115(9):1164-9.
Study Design III: Cross-sectional Studies
Levin KA. Study design III: Cross-sectional studies. Evid Based Dent. 2006;7(1):24-5.
Study Design IV: Cohort Studies
Levin KA. Study design IV. Cohort studies. Evid Based Dent. 2006;7(2):51-2.
Study Design V. Case–control Studies
Levin KA. Study design V. Case-control studies. Evid Based Dent. 2006;7(3):83-4.
Superiority Trials, Non-inferiority Trials, and Prisoners of the 2-sided Null Hypothesis
Sackett DL. Superiority trials, noninferiority trials, and prisoners of the 2-sided null hypothesis. Evid Based Med 2004;9:38-39.
Understanding Controlled Trials: Why are Randomised controlled Trials Important?
Sibbald B, Roland M. Understanding controlled trials. Why are randomised controlled trials important?. BMJ. 1998;316(7126):201.
The Very Large Randomized Clinical Trials (Strengths and Limitations)
ImprovingMedicalStatistics.com
What is an “n-of-1” Trial?
Sedgwick P. What is an “n-of-1” trial? BMJ 2014;348:g2674.
What is a Randomized Controlled Trial in Medical Research?
What is a randomized controlled trial in medical research? Medical News Today. 2014 Sep.
Cluster Randomized Trials
NIH Collaboratory Living Textbook of Pragmatic Clinical Trials

POEM or DOE?

Is the article or guideline a DOE or a POEM?

POEM (Patient Oriented Evidence that Matters)

Quality of Life
Mortality
Pain
Mobility
Recovery Time
Length of hospital stay
Cost
Pain scale

DOE (Disease Oriented Evidence)

Cardiac biomarkers
Blood pressure reading
LDL, HDL
Blood sugar
Bone density
BMI
Other laboratory Tests

Slawson DC, Shaughnessy AF, Ebell MH, Barry HC. Mastering medical information and the role of POEMs--Patient-Oriented Evidence that Matters. J Fam Pract. 1997;45(3):195-6.

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NEON Research Portal - NEOMED Department of Family & Community Medicine: Types of Research Studies

Guides to Analyzing Specific Types of Research Articles

General Study Design Resources

Article Abstracts

Types of Studies / Advantages & Disadvantages

POEM or DOE?